D.C. Circuit Hands Prenda Law a Stinging Defeat

WASHINGTON — A federal appeals court yesterday rebuffed Prenda Law's attempt to  subpoena identifying information on more than 1,000 allegedly illegal porn downloads.

The decision by the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia is a stinging one for the copyright troll law firm and is the first appellate ruling on key tactics employed by them to tilt the playing field.

“It is quite obvious that AF Holdings could not possibly have had a good faith belief that it could successfully sue the overwhelming majority of the 1,058 John Doe defendants in this district,” U.S. Circuit Judge David Tatel wrote. “AF Holdings clearly abused the discovery process.”

Tatel and two other judges ruled that AF Holdings is not entitled to contact information for people whose IP addresses were linked to BitTorrent downloads of the film “Popular Demand” because few of them live in the District of Columbia, where the lawsuit was filed.

As a result, the panel said it’s unlikely any connection exists among all of the Internet addresses subject to the subpoena.

"To paraphrase an analogy offered by amicus counsel at oral argument, two BitTorrent users who download the same file months apart are like two individuals who play at the same blackjack table at different times," the 16-page ruling said. "They may have won the same amount of money, employed the same strategy, and perhaps even played with the same dealer, but they have still engaged in entirely separate transactions."

Tatel criticized counsel from Prenda Law, noting that a judge in another case, Los Angeles federal jurist Otis Wright, had described it as a “porno-trolling collective” and that the firm “appears to have disbanded and then reconstituted itself in a similar form." AF Holdings is represented by Paul Duffy, who works for Prenda Law.

"[S]ometimes individuals seek to manipulate judicial procedures to serve their own improper ends. This case calls upon us to evaluate — and put a stop to — one litigant’s attempt to do just that.”

The appeal was brought by several ISPs — Verizon, Comcast, AT&T and affiliates — with amicus support from Electronic Frontier Foundation, the ACLU, the ACLU of the Nation's Capitol, Public Citizen and Public Knowledge.

The ruling in AF Holdings LLC vs. Cox Communications, 12-7135, is a key one because it likely will discourage copyright infringement suits against large numbers of defendants seeking to corner them through embarrassment or costly litigation into paying settlements without establishing a sound legal basis, according to the EFF.

"Prenda, and other groups like it, wanted to use the courts' subpoena power to identify Internet subscribers, then shake them down for $2,000-$4,000 'settlements,'" the EFF's Mitch Stoltz said. "They assuredly didn’t want to invest the time and expense needed to actually figure out who, if anyone, likely infringed a copyright. Trolls use court processes not to enforce their rights or to protect a legitimate business, but to make a profitable business out of groundless threats and intimidation."

View ruling by the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia

Related:  

Copyright © 2026 Adnet Media. All Rights Reserved. XBIZ is a trademark of Adnet Media.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission is prohibited.

More News

Cherry Candle Makes Her Elegant Angel Debut in St. Paddy's Day Release

Cherry Candle has made her Elegant Angel debut alongside Danny Mountain in a St. Patrick’s Day-themed scene titled "For Fucks Sake!"

Brazzers Debuts New Series 'Glory House: Next Penetration'

2026 XMAs Best Lead Actor Ryan Reid, Tia Maria, and Beca Barbie star in the first episode of a new Brazzers limited series, “Glory House: Next Penetration.”

Andylynn Payne, Sasha Tatcha Lead Latest From TransSensual

Andylynn Payne and Sasha Tatcha star with Derek Kage in the latest scene from Mile High Media studio imprint TransSensual, titled “Gym Jail Bangarama.”

'Legal Impact' Webinar Unpacks North Carolina's New Consent Law

Industry attorney Corey D. Silverstein on Thursday held a webinar focused on North Carolina’s HB 805, a new law that has significantly altered performer consent requirements in the state.

Jennifer White Reflects on a Breakthrough Year in X3 Magazine

Newly crowned XMAs Female Performer of the Year Jennifer White takes center stage in the March issue of X3 magazine, the premier publication spotlighting the real personalities, passions, and stories behind top stars.

Abi James, Laynee James Star in Latest From TeamSkeet

Abi James stars with Laynee James and Connor Kennedy in the latest installment of TeamSkeet series “BadMilfs,” titled “Need Some Mommy Time?”

FSC Launches Privacy-First Age Verification Solution for Members

The Free Speech Coalition (FSC) announced today that it has granted members exclusive access to the PrivateAV age verification solution.

Kasey Kei, Ameena Green Star in Latest From Evil Angel

Kasey Kei and Ameena Green star in a new release from Evil Angel.

Evil Angel Debuts Proxy Paige's 'All Aboard The Trans Express'

Evil Angel has released director Proxy Paige’s new title, “All Aboard The Trans Express.”

Brazil: New AV Requirements Set to Take Effect March 17

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva this week gave final approval to new regulations requiring adult websites to age-verify users located in Brazil starting March 17.

Show More